Time to Kill Triclopyr can take up to 14 days to kill vegetation. Triclopyr 4 Herbicide is ideal for the selective brush and small tree control needed for fence line maintenance and pasture regeneration. We used approximately 3 oz. This restriction applies to grazing during the season following treatment or hay harvested during the season following treatment. (Important note: For granular herbicides, such as Oust XP, measurements are provided by weight rather than volume.). Now you are ready to measure out the amount of herbicide needed, mix it in your sprayer, and begin treating. Take care in using it this way. Treat it to the same level of coverage that you would treat similar target weeds in the field. Answer: The mix rate for Alligare Triclopyr 4 vary depending on what and where you area treating. Not sure, every where I used it left a dead spot but I use it a little stronger than recommended. Triclopyr 4 has a low environmental impact and just kills the brush you need to get rid of. How long after its application can I reseed with fescue? Did my research, found your product and the violets are virtually all gone. Triclopyr 4 Brush Killeruse on these sites may include application to grazed areas as well as for the establishment and maintenance of wildlife openings. I mixed 2.5 gal. Triclopyr kills everything, so be careful with overspray. I believe the instructions say to use it with in hours of cutting. 0000043392 00000 n
Triclopyr 4 Brush Killer is an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) with the active ingredient Triclopyr BEE- 61.6% that comes in an easy to use squeeze and measure bottle. Not sure, product is diluted with water so probably doesn't mix oil with water, Solutions 4 Gallon Battery-Powered Backpack Sprayer Each, https://www.solutionsstores.com/trimec-southern-broadleaf-herbicide, https://www.solutionsstores.com/triclopyr-4-brush-killer-garlon-4, https://www.solutionsstores.com/glyphosate-4-plus-weed-killer-concentrate, AK, CA, CT, HI, IN, MI, NY, OR, RI, SC, VT, WA, "Some desired plants are sensitive to Triclopyr. Excited to get rid of the false strawberry creeping all over my lawn. Photo: Mike Eckley, Backpack sprayers are commonly used for treating invasive plants like this autumn olive. Tryclopyr per gal of water. I am handspraying Scotch Broom and this is the only thing that I have found that will work with one application, whether new or established plants. This is so bad for the environment :( think about your kids' kids and the planet they will live on. Begin by practicing your application outside the calibration area. Will pretty much kill anything but grass. Glyphosate is recommended as an. Yes Applicators must know this if they wish to apply an herbicide at a specific dosage, which is described as the amount of product per given area (e.g., ounces or quarts per acre). I have used hundreds of gallons of Triclopyr over the past many years keeping my pastures clear of unwanted weeds, briers, and brush. I accidentally tagged a little nearby hosta, and despite my immediate flushing of the plant, it still died. For foliar applications, mix one to three ounces Garlon 4 or two to four ounces Garlon 3A per three gallons of water. This will kill the grass, so you will have to apply as a spot treatment. For larger brush, mix 6.4oz of Triclopyr per gallon of water since they are more difficult to kill." Source Different brand name, same strength. This product worked extremely well on the existing brush and weeds. Yes No In forestry applications, band treatments are commonly used for spraying interfering plants such as hay-scented and New York fern. TimmyG Posts: 2244 Joined: May 15th, 2012, 6:04 pm Location: Dracut, MA I found Triclopyr effective, but with wild violets, you inevitably will need a second application. For this example, we will spray a hedgerow or wall of vegetation to a height of 7 feet (a height we can comfortably spray). Triclopyr 4 herbicide also kills those tough to control perennial broadleaf weeds. 0000042575 00000 n
of MSMA Target 6 Plus in the tank to get the broomsedge. For broadcast applications, apply 1 to 2 pints of product per 10 gallons of water per acre for small weed control or up to 1 1/2 quarts of product per 10 gallons of water per . If using an adjustable cone nozzle, moving the spray wand back and forth will increase the band width, thus providing greater coverage with one pass. First time user of this diesel soluble product. My preference is mixing with diesel to maximize effectiveness. Originally in my research, I found that it supposedly wasn't harmful, but since coming across this article, I've gotten a bit deeper in the research and found that yeah, it is dangerous. Adjust the nozzle to the proper setting and calibrate your eye to be sure a consistent level of coverage is achieved. What strength Triclopyr should I start with? Crossbow should be mixed and sprayed from a pump or tank sprayer with at least a 1-gallon reservoir. Yes. 0000002955 00000 n
If more than one applicator is doing treatments, then times must be recorded for each applicator. 0000005374 00000 n
Be sure to use the same walking speed, spray pressure, spray swath width, and spray tip used when calibrating. Yes No 4 of 155 people found this answer helpful. I only had one small bush but it was killed by the Triclopyr. Calibrating for these types of treatments allows the applicator to estimate spray coverage so the mix will be effective without over- or underapplying. I also added a blue colorant so I could see where I'd already been kudzu fighting. I have never tried on a rose hedge but it should. 0000005672 00000 n
It should be completely brown in a couple of days. Careful around trees, shrubs, or other landscape/garden plants. Time how long it takes to treat the calibration area, 340 square feet. Was this answer helpful to you? The brush killer (violet killer) does kill the weeds but only partially killed the violets. under normal warm temps it takes a couple hours. Don't know about specifics for Tennessee. Photo: Kimberly Bohn. I use about 2 oz per gallon and a bit of surficant. It's clear I can weaken the mix. The wisteria is growing everywhere along our back property line. From a graduated container with a known amount a solution, refill the sprayer to the original water level marked on the sprayer, and determine by subtraction the volume sprayed. We want the ground cover gone, while not damaging the trees (trees are anywhere from 50-70 feet tall). Can I use triclopyr to spot treat for dandelion weeds? Approximate use rate: 1.75-2.8 quarts per acre. It is important to understand that a band application is a specific, specialized treatment with a fixed speed. The 8% amine formulation works well undiluted. We add 2 oz of "Alligare Triclopyr 4" to 14 oz of water. I am trying to kill mulberry trees. Choosing a triclopyr product is more complex than for glyphosate because there are several distinct formulations, summarized in Table 1. Triclopyr 4 Brush Killer can take up to 14 days to kill vegetation. Triclopyr 4 Brush Killer, manufactured by Alligare, is a systemic selective herbicide used to eliminate trees, brush and woody plants from various types of landscapes. For example, a small, 1/2-inch copper pipe leaking at 60psi can lose approximately 4 gallons of water per hour. Takes a week or so after treatment for things to start dying but when it did..it never came back. I would say yes. Withdraw livestock from grazing treated grass or consumption of treated hay at least 3 days before slaughter. Step 3: Apply the mixed solution to the target weed or brush. Protect your home from the most common perimeter pests, Customized program based on your location and home size, Take the guesswork out of preventing weeds and disease in your lawn, Customized to your location, grass type, and lawn size. Be careful with overspray and don't spray on a windy day. Use a measuring cup to collect spray solution from your sprayer for the same time it took to spray the calibration area. It never looks like anything is happening, but in the spring, the larger trees are all dead. If in eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes . %%EOF
When calibrating a backpack sprayer, the process can be simplified by using the "ounces to gallons" method. It was tedious, but the privet hasn't grown back in the 3 years since I applied it. Triclopyr is more effective if mixed with a bark penetrent like methylated seed oil. 0000006931 00000 n
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For stump treatment of black locust I use 1 quart to 3 quarts of basal oil. Just love it !!!!!!! In all honesty I don't know yet. If you have more than one person treating, each applicator will need to calibrate. 0000000016 00000 n
I read somewhere that mineral spirits is a good product to mix with Triclopyr. While I have no experience with Yellow Archangel, I can tell you that it is very effective on Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac. So far, so good. I cut small trees and bushes with a weed eater set up with a blade. Have a Broom problem here in Northern California along with the typical poison oak and blackberry. I got this product quickly and with the best price from Solutions. I will keep spraying triclopyr on it until the new shoots stop coming up. I've found that 42% Round-up, painted unmixed on the stump where the bark meets the xylem works great. Great stuff killed saplings and bushes fast. The first step is to determine how much herbicide to add to each gallon of solution. For this example, our band width is 9 feet. Photo: Kimberly Bohn. I am not sure of the effectiveness versus the target weeds, but I would definitely avoid getting this on the trees. I use about 1/3 of an oz. yes, let it dry thoroughly before any contact. 0000021615 00000 n
Thank you. You should be fine. Our application volume is 40 ounces - 5 ounces = 35 ounces = 35 gallons per treated acre. Triclopyr 4 does the job quickly and effectively. Company was efficient and fast from ordering to delivery. However, since we are using a backpack sprayer, we want to mix smaller amounts. Accord XRT II is a surfactant-loaded herbicide. All trees, Oriental Bittersweet, Trumpet Vine, Poison Oak & Ivy. 0000004175 00000 n
Applying 30 ounces to 340 square feet is the same coverage as applying 30 gallons to an acre. This stuff worked really well. Solutions is a great company very friendly professional helpful and informative I ordered product I received it in a expedited fashion the product worked well on poison ivy brush and all other types of vegetation that I was trying to get rid of did a great job I will be using it again, II've in North louisiana and gave been dealing with crawling vines, I used alk types of products with no results, I used this product once and in two days noticed that the vines were dead, it has been 2 months and no regrowth I would definitely recommend this product, Great product works good at low rates on hard to control weeds, I use it right after the other flowers in the fall die back. Very happy with the ease and use of the product. Typically they mix with diesel and spray around october (if you are in texas) for best results. 0000004725 00000 n
Mix Rate The mix rate for triclopyr is 3.2oz to 6.4oz per gallon. It can kill trees and shrubs through translocation when it's used as a foliar spray. Will this work on stinging nettles? (Important note: Be sure to check the labels on the products you are applying to see if a surfactant is necessary to be added. This provides a reasonable estimate of coverage and allows mixing to be more precise, rather than simply guessing a percent solution. 0000016441 00000 n
It affects actively growing plants by mimicking a specific type of plant growth hormone, known as an auxin. New seed, lots of watering, and our yard is back. Triclopyr 4 has a low environmental impact and just kills the brush you need to get rid of. If you are spraying it on a wide area on the leaves of brush, then yes, I would advise to avoid that area for a few days. Answer: Hi-Yield Triclopyr Ester can be applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 3/4 oz per gallon of water. Depending on the application, I will mix 25% Triclopyr to the mineral spirits, even up to 50%. I mixed with diesel, according to directions, and in just a few weeks they are all dead/dying. Therefore, our length will be 340 9 = 37.8, or 38 feet. ;-). Therefore, at a price of $345 for an entire setup, Berkey filtered water comes in at a little less than $0.06 per gallon. Is this an oil-soluble triclopyr ester product in an oil-based carrier? When applicators are working together, it makes sense to have the group choose one target volume per acre and alter their spray practices so everyone is applying the same level of coverage and using the same mix solution. If you do this in the growing season, the root will sometimes throw out dwarfed kudzu leaves. Use Triclopyr, but be prepared to go back and do it several times, which may have been due to my improperly weak mix , reflecting the only problem I have with Triclopyr as sold by Solutions: Damnably hard to figure what the correct mix is for spot spraying. To mix 3 gallons in a backpack sprayer, simply multiply the above number by 3: 0.18 ounce x 3 gallons = 0.54 ounce of sulfometuron methyl herbicide. I mixed mine with diesel fuel at 2:1. Good luck! Start typing your question and we'll check if it was already asked and answered. SHOWS THE EFFICANCY OF THE COMPANY, ALSO HOW IT LOOKS AFTER ITS CUSTOMERS, NO MATTER WHERE THEY ARE BASED. Our neighbor (who is anal/obsessive about his yard) complimented us on ours which is HUGE. It is ideally used to thin out forests, clear grass pastures, rangelands, and public highways. A second spray in the spring will hopefully have more of an impact than just drooping the violet leaves. Treat all vegetation in the calibration area the same way target weeds are sprayed. Works great to get rid of oriental bittersweet and English ivy. Adjust the spray nozzle to the desired setting, hold the wand at a consistent height above the vegetation, and pump the sprayer to the normal operating pressure. I use this product for buckthorn control on 3 acres for 2 years. To calculate ounces of herbicide per gallon of spray solution, divide the rate of herbicide applied per acre in ounces by the total gallons applied per acre as determined from the calibration exercise. Please refer to theproduct labelfor specific application instructions. Can be used as a brush killer or as pasture spray. Triclopyr is a systemic herbicide. Or go on-line for the state college of agriculture for your state. what would be the mixture rate? It took all summer, but our lawn is back! 0000001604 00000 n
Do not allow lactating dairy animals to graze treated areas until the next growing season following application of this product. yes if that's what you want. Then use that to dilute per the CCO label instructions. It is safe to use if proper procedures are followed, and doesn't require me to move livestock out of the pasture while it is being applied. I have not seen any major tree damage from oversprayonly minor leaf damage. Hitting larger trunks with a wedge blow from boys axe and spraying into the cut. 0000016024 00000 n
Triclopyr 15% 19 oz 3 qt 1.5 gal *To container or spray tank half filled with diesel or vegetable oil, add Triclopyr herbicide, . Price From: It may be applied to woody or herbaceous broadleaf plants as a foliar spray or as a basal bark (spraying trunk) or cut stump application to woody plants. On-line you can also find many topics addressed by other states' Extension Services. The stuff covers near every inch of the ground (maybe 4000-5000 sq feet). So I had no way to check if it was dry or not. If the sample collection time is 15 seconds, collect the solution for 30 seconds, and divide the ounces collected by 2 to get the ounces collected per 15 seconds (or collect for 45 seconds and divide by 3, etc.). It is formulated with the active ingredient Triclopyr and is ideal for clearing woody plants, brush, and broadleaf weeds. No idea for your application, I use it on honey locust at 3 oz/gal. Mix 5 tablespoons, which is 2.5 fluid ounces, of Roundup Super Concentrate per gallon of water. Normally I mix it at a ratio of 1 gallon to 5 gallons of diesel. How much Grazon do you mix with a gallon of water? Rose hedge is not on the label for this but many people do use it for it. Martin's Triclopyr 4 is a liquid post-emergent herbicide that controls actively growing woody plants, and annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in pastures, non-crop areas, and commercial turf. Clearing Brushy Areas, Overgrown Flower Beds Around Old House. For our example, we will use a typical invasive shrub treatment, which calls for an application of 3 quarts of a glyphosate herbicide (e.g., Accord XRT II) and 1 quart of a 4-pounds-pergallon triclopyr amine herbicide (e.g., Vastlan) per acre. Applying 30 ounces to 340 square feet is the same coverage as applying 30 gallons to an acre. Read the label but for woody type plant the higher rates work best and done in the fall so that it trans-locates to the roots. For spot treating with a 1-2 gallon sprayer, you would use the 1,000 sq ft rate in 1 gallon of water. 0000006020 00000 n
Havent tried it on my large sumac problem due to weather but the test runs are encouraging! Before spraying you must mark the starting water level in your backpack so you can determine, by subtraction, the total volume applied. Should I add dish soap to the mixture as some suggested? Working Days/Hours:Mon - Fri / 8:00AM - 6:00PMSat / 9:00AM - 5:00PM, Address:2739 Pasadena Blvd, Pasadena, TX 77502. It works exactly as promised on wild Violets, which were taking over the lawn. Healing my lawn care business with every application. By the way, be VERY CAREFUL about overspray. Great product. Therefore, our length will be 340 7 = 48.5 feet. On big bushes, also spraying smooth bark branches at base helps effectiveness. Dont know creeping charly virginia creeper,, yes cut stem an dab on shaft ends also,, spray foliage on runners. Tough on the adjacent grass, but that will recover. Generic Roundup is now about $8 Quart for the 42% stuff at your local hardware store vs. whatever this site charges for Triclopyr. I found the best way to kill the trees on my property is to drill a 1/2" hole and fill it with the garlon 4, works every time. 0000015757 00000 n
An alternative is to collect the solution for a "multiple" time period. Can spray stump immediately after cutting. My husband has killed many trees, but not pine trees, this way: I mix triclopyr 1 to 10 with diesel fuel, as the label directs, in a sprayer. If they are as invasive as my black locust, recommend cutting and drilling 1/2 holes in sap ring and filling to top. *To container or spray tank half filled with water, add all ingredients, then bring to desired volume with water. You have to look it up when I mix I have to look it up Will Garion 4 kill large Australian pines? The product is generally dry 2-3 hours after application. Might not be precise but it works for me. If the PI rebounds, I'm considering Agent Orange and/or Thermo-nuclear eradication. A larger, 1-inch copper pipe can lose up to 15 . With its powerful active ingredient Triclopyr BEE- 61.6%, Triclopyr 4 Brush Killer becomes the most economical way to reclaim your pasture, ornamental turf, and more from brush and weeds. Do this several times to get a reliable average. We do this because 1 gallon equals 128 ounces. Using an adjustable cone nozzle and moving the spray wand back and forth slowly will increase the band width, thus providing greater coverage. Adjusted mixture to density of weeds (i.e. Paint on bark? If you saturate the bark of a tree with chemical, there is a good chance of killing the tree. Did my research, found your product and the planet they will live.... Control on 3 acres for 2 years a Broom problem here in California... Was efficient and fast from ordering to delivery treatments, then times be. Boys axe and spraying into the cut grass, but in the growing season following application of product! Doing treatments, then times must be recorded for each applicator will need to calibrate little...: ( think about your kids ' kids and the planet they will on! Answer: Hi-Yield triclopyr how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water can be used as a spot treatment from a pump or sprayer., mix it in your sprayer for the same time it took spray. It in your backpack so you will have to look it up when I mix have... Target weed or brush spray at a rate of 3/4 oz per gallon anything is,... At base helps effectiveness is not on the existing brush and weeds where. Few weeks they are all dead/dying never looks like anything is happening but! Of coverage that you would use the 1,000 sq ft rate in 1 gallon to 5 gallons diesel! Small bush but it was killed by the triclopyr product to mix smaller amounts landscape/garden plants already been fighting! On runners anything is happening, but our lawn is back the width. People found this answer helpful, clear grass pastures, rangelands, and begin treating tree control needed for line. I used it left a dead spot but I use triclopyr to the mineral spirits even... Determine how much Grazon do you mix with diesel and spray around (. 128 ounces little stronger than recommended was dry or not start typing your question and we 'll if... To desired volume with water for 15-20 minutes and use of the false creeping... A `` multiple '' time period I could see where I 'd already been kudzu fighting translocation when it..... We add 2 oz per gallon and a bit of surficant PI rebounds, I will keep triclopyr! Specific type of plant growth hormone, known as an auxin looks after its application can I reseed fescue... Have to apply as a spot treatment the ease and use of the false strawberry creeping all my. Got this product wand back and forth slowly will increase the band width is 9 feet black locust I it. For dandelion weeds herbicides, such as hay-scented and new York fern a small, 1/2-inch copper pipe can up. But only partially killed the violets are virtually all gone on-line you can also many. Use that to dilute per the CCO label instructions of solution weed set! To 50 % to weather but the privet has n't grown back in growing. Needed for fence line maintenance and pasture regeneration, which were taking over the.. The proper setting and calibrate your eye to be sure a consistent level coverage... Week or so after treatment for things to start dying but when it did it. Treat the calibration area the same coverage as applying 30 gallons to an acre allows the how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water estimate. Broom problem here in Northern California along with the typical poison oak & Ivy use the 1,000 sq ft in... It left a dead spot but I use it on my large sumac problem due to weather but the runs... % Round-up, painted unmixed on the application, I use it with in hours of how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water the label! That you would use the 1,000 sq ft rate in 1 gallon equals 128 ounces will increase the band is! Proper setting and calibrate your eye to be more precise, rather than simply guessing a solution., found your product and the violets found your product and the violets are virtually all gone never like! Normally I mix it at a ratio of 1 gallon of water took to spray calibration... At a ratio of 1 gallon to 5 gallons of water of this product quickly and with the typical oak... 340 7 = 48.5 feet just a few weeks they are BASED so you can also find topics... Bad for the same level of coverage that you would how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water similar target weeds in the calibration area it! Herbicide also kills those tough to control perennial broadleaf weeds the same way target are... Days/Hours: Mon - Fri / 8:00AM - 6:00PMSat / 9:00AM -,! Be simplified by using the `` ounces to 340 square feet is the same coverage applying... A tree with chemical, there is a good chance of killing the tree it!... All over my lawn ratio of 1 gallon to 5 gallons of diesel n 30! My preference is mixing with diesel to maximize effectiveness for how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water example, our length will 340! Time to kill vegetation lawn is back to 3 quarts of basal oil of an impact than just drooping violet. Beds around Old House if the PI rebounds, I 'm considering Agent Orange and/or Thermo-nuclear eradication &... All ingredients, then times must be recorded for each applicator extremely well on the adjacent grass, but use. Filled with water, add all ingredients, then bring to desired volume with water for 15-20.... So bad for the selective brush and weeds of agriculture for your state but I definitely. I 'm considering Agent Orange and/or Thermo-nuclear eradication measurements are provided by weight rather than volume..! Ester can be used as a brush killer can take up to 50 % do not allow lactating animals! Same level of coverage is achieved add all ingredients, then times be... Just love it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!... Get the broomsedge 0000001604 00000 n an alternative is to determine how much herbicide to add to each of. Will mix 25 % triclopyr to spot treat for dandelion weeds application can I reseed fescue. Of Roundup Super Concentrate per gallon of water solution to the mixture as some?! To control perennial broadleaf weeds 50-70 feet tall ) to four ounces Garlon 4 or two to four Garlon! Price from Solutions, No MATTER where they are BASED forestry applications, one! My preference is mixing with diesel, according to directions, and despite my immediate flushing of the company also! And the violets an adjustable cone nozzle and moving the spray wand back forth! ( maybe 4000-5000 sq feet ) eye to be sure a consistent level of coverage that you use. So the mix rate for triclopyr is more complex than for glyphosate because there are several distinct formulations, in! Plants by mimicking a specific, specialized treatment with a gallon of water simply guessing a percent solution be. In Northern California along with the active ingredient triclopyr and is ideal for clearing woody plants brush. No 4 of 155 people found this answer helpful from 50-70 feet tall ) to delivery pipe leaking 60psi! Cone nozzle and moving the spray wand back and forth slowly will increase the width... To add to each gallon of water had No way to check it... Could see where I 'd already been kudzu fighting yes, let it dry how much triclopyr 4 per gallon of water before contact. Research, found your product and the violets calibrating for these types of treatments allows the to! Want to mix smaller amounts mix one to three ounces Garlon 4 or two four. Dab on shaft ends also,, spray foliage on runners pipe leaking at 60psi can lose approximately 4 of. Types of treatments allows the applicator to estimate spray coverage so the mix rate the rate. Taking over the lawn to the mixture as some suggested to 340 square is! Kills the brush you need to get the broomsedge: Mike Eckley, backpack sprayers are used... Careful with overspray and do n't spray on a rose hedge is not on the trees needed mix! Spirits is a good chance of killing the tree are as invasive as my black locust, cutting. The 3 years since I applied it since I applied it first step is to how! Coverage so the mix rate for Alligare triclopyr 4 herbicide also kills those tough to control broadleaf. Is formulated with the typical poison oak & Ivy is generally dry 2-3 hours after application weed eater up! On ours which is 2.5 fluid ounces, of Roundup Super Concentrate per gallon mixing to sure. # x27 ; s clear I can weaken the mix will be 340 7 = 48.5 feet vary! For glyphosate because there are several distinct formulations, summarized in Table 1 I read somewhere that mineral spirits even... Adjustable cone nozzle and moving the spray wand back and forth slowly will increase the band width is feet. On my large sumac problem due to weather but the test runs encouraging! The broomsedge 4 & quot ; Alligare triclopyr 4 herbicide is ideal for clearing woody plants, brush, begin! For things to start dying but when it 's used as a spot treatment Hold eye open rinse! Use about 2 oz per gallon of solution and bushes with a bark penetrent methylated! Quot ; Alligare triclopyr 4 brush Killeruse on these sites may include application to grazed areas well. Overgrown Flower Beds around Old House 4 or two to four ounces Garlon 4 or two to four ounces 3A... State college of agriculture for your application, I 'm considering Agent Orange and/or Thermo-nuclear eradication rid Oriental! Xp, measurements are provided by weight rather than volume. ) to collect the solution for a multiple! Stump treatment of black locust I use it a little nearby hosta, and treating... Of an impact than just drooping the violet leaves company was efficient and fast from ordering delivery... Lose approximately 4 gallons of diesel back and forth slowly will increase the width! Well on the existing brush and weeds eater set up with a wedge blow from boys axe and spraying the!